Mondego Estuary - OSPAR Comprehensive Procedure

INDEX

Overview

Category I: Degree of Nutrient Enrichment

1.Riverine Total N and/or Total P inputs and direct discharges (RID)

2. Winter DIN and/or DIP Concentrations

3.Increased winter N/P ratio

Category II: Direct Effects

1. Maximum and Mean Chlorophyll-a Concentration

2.Region/Area Specific phytoplankton indicator species

3.Macrophytes including macroalgae (region specific)

Category III and IV: Indirect_Effects and Other possible effects

1. Degree of oxygen deficiency

2. Changes/kills in Zoobenthos and fish mortality

3.Organic Carbon/Organic Matter

4.Other possible effects: Algal_Toxins (DSP/PSP mussel infection events)

Overall Classification

Discussion

Additional Information

DIN and Salinity Distribution

Chlorophyll_a Distribution

Oxygen Distribution

 
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(December 2002, updated in 2004)

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OSPAR

MONDEGO ESTUARY

Category I – Degree of Nutrient Enrichment

Actual Situation (2003[1])

Criteria of Classification

Partial

Classification

Notes

1. Riverine Total N and/or Total P inputs and direct discharges (RID)

Nitrogen

986

(ton N/year)

 

Phosphorus

54

(ton N/year)

 

Description:

Based on 2005 monthly data field registers in stations near the rivers discharge.

+

+

It is important to notice the decrease in riverine total N and riverine total P input in the last two years. However, the classification in this topic should remain positive until the end of 2005, where new field data will be available, being possible then verify this new tendency

Mondego and Pranto River

675 ton N/year

50 ton P/year

Domestic Load

311 ton N/year

4 ton P/year

2. Winter DIN and/or DIP Concentrations

16 µmol N/l

(average)

 

28 µmol N/l

(Percentile90)

Description:

Based on 2005 monthly data field registers in 25 stations located almost uniformly in all the estuary (150 data field points)

Background Value[2]

Elevated Value[3]

-

Look for complementary information in Additional Information table.

44 µmol N/l

66 µmol N/l

3. Increased winter N/P ratio

28.2

(average)

 

48.4

(Percentile90)

Description:

Based on 2005 monthly data field registers in 25 stations located almost uniformly in all the estuary (150 data field points)

 

The actual N/P ratio values can not be compared with previous years because the data is not available. So even having some values for 2005, this topic will not have a classification.

 

MONDEGO ESTUARY

Category II – Direct Effects

Actual Situation (2003[1])

Criteria of Classification

Partial Classification

Notes

1.

 Maximum and Mean Chlorophyll-a Concentration

7.4 µg/l

(average)

12.8 µg/l

(percentile 90)

Description:

Summer of 2005

(150 data points)

Background Value[2]

Elevated Value[3]

-

+

Look for complementary information in Additional Information table.

6 µg/l

9 µg/l

2.

Region/Area Specific phytoplankton indicator species

Data Not Available

 

Not available information on phytoplankton indicator species shifts.

3.

Macrophytes including macroalgae (region specific)

In Mondego estuary hard substrates extend along 60% of the total estuarine perimeter dominating the South channel and are primarily covered by the genera Enteromorpha, Fucus and Ulva. Soft substrates, which in the past were predominantly covered by the seagrass Zostera noltii and the saltmarsh species Spartina maritima, are being gradually replaced by the opportunistic green algae Enteromorpha, Ulva and the red seaweed Gracillaria verrucosa – these are classified as the main ephiphytes in the system. Regular Enteromorpha blooms have been observed, especially in the inner areas of the south channel (Ferreira et al., 2002).

+

 

 

MONDEGO ESTUARY

Category III and IV – Indirect Effects and Other possible effects

Actual Situation (2003[1])

Criteria of Classification

Partial Classification

Notes

1.Degree of oxygen deficiency

8.5 mgO2/l

(average)

 

5.9 mgO2/l

(percentile 10)

Description:

283 data points during 2005.

-

-

 

Look for complementary information in Additional Information table.

2.Changes/kills in Zoobenthos and fish mortality

Description:

No changes/kills in Zoobenthos and fish mortality have been reported in the literature

-

 

3.Organic Carbon/Organic Matter

 

Data Not Available

 

 

 

4.Other  possible effects: Algal Toxins (DSP/PSP mussel infection events

Description:

No nuisiance or toxic blooms have been reported in the literature

-

 

 

OVERALL CLASSIFICATION

Category I

Degree of Nutrient Enrichment

Category II

Direct Effects

Category III and IV

Indirect Effects/Other possible effects

Initial Classification

Appraisal of all relevant information

Final Classification

+

+

-

Problem Area

Modelling confirms that the north channel is a non-problem area, mostly because of its short residence time. Local characteristics of the south channel could be a consequence of hydrodynamic conditions instead of nutrients overenrichment. Consult Additional Information and Discussion tables.

Potential Problem Area

 

DISCUSSION

In the Mondego estuary, the limiting factor of phytoplankton production is the residence time (two days), which is not long enough to allow the growing of a bloom. In this estuary the concentration of nutrients is higher in the Northern channel; however eutrophication symptoms are detected in the Southern channel (growth of macro-algae). This seems to be a consequence of the hydrodynamical properties of this channel. Artificial closing of the upper connection between the two channels has stimulated the settling characteristics of the Southern channel. So, the causes of the macroalgal blooms are apparently linked to the management of the Pranto sluice. When the sluice is opened, high concentrations of nutrients are discharged to the South channel, leading to organic enrichment in the sediment. When the sluice is subsequently closed, the salinity increase, associated to nutrient availability, is a trigger for seaweed blooms. The modification of the trophic characteristics of the Southern channel requires the reopening of the communication between the channels and cannot be achieved by a realistic reduction of nutrients discharged by the rivers (INAG/MARETEC, 2002).

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

DIN and Salinity Distribution

The next figures represent a time series of the winter dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphate concentrations measured in the Mondego estuary between 1993 and 1997 and also for 2005 and part of 2004. Each year is represented by the average of all field data in the winter season (January, February, March, September, October and December). The black line represents the moving average of two years. The moving average can allowing finding a trend for the field data and even with an obvious lacking of measurements it is possible to assume no significant variation on the winter DIN and Phosphate Concentration until 2005 and 2004 where there is a significant tendendy to decrease.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3 and 4 represent spatial distribution of the properties computed by MOHID Modelling System for the Mondego estuary. Figure 3 establishes the areas in which DIN concentrations are below the background value, between the background and the elevated level and the areas where the concentration is above the elevated. In Figure 4 is shown the salinity distribution in each area. The figures show clearly the existence of three different zones in the Mondego Estuary: seawater zone, mixing zone and tidal fresh zone. The limits of these areas for DIN and salinity distributions are identical. Generally, it is possible to say that, according to MOHID results, higher values of salinity correspond to areas of lower DIN concentrations and the range of DIN concentration between the back ground value and the elevated value correspond to the mixing area with salinity values that can range between 20 and 30. Thus, despite the average value considered to apply the assessment criteria, it is important to note that the model results evidence an important gradient of DIN concentrations in the estuary, characterize the actual situation with a large range of values, between 0 and 90 µmol N/L.

Figure 5 represent the DIN vs. Salinity curve, based on field data registers. From the figure it is not viable to identify any clearly relation between the DIN and salinity values, but it is possible to observe a higher cloud of points corresponding to high values of salinity and lower DIN concentration. In fact, the irregular distribution can be related with the existence of a sluice controlling the Pranto river discharge. The characteristics of the south channel can change in a very significant way, if the sluice is closed, with salinity increases, as a consequence of hydrodynamic conditions changes. The figure shows all the existing samples, since it was not possible to distinguish the sluice state in the registers, which means that includes both conditions.

Figure 3  

Figure 4

Figure 5

Chlorophyll_a Distribution

The North Channel has concentrations below the elevated level while in the South channel, the values can reach to 14 µ g/L. The model results show clearly the differences between the two channels indicated before.

Figure 4.

 

Oxygen Distribution

Figure 5 represents the annual average of oxygen spatial distribution in the estuary resulting form the model simulation. Oxygen concentration between 8 and 9 mg/L are found in most estuary and higher values are found in the south channel, in concordance with higher values of Chlorophyll-a.

Figure 5

[1] 2003 is considered as the actual situation because it is the most recent complete year, having monthly measures

[2] Assumed as 1980, 1981 and 1982 averages (the oldest years with available data)

[3] Assumed as 50% above the background concentration

 

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